Industrial Revolution began in a large way in England 
     about a hundred and forty years ago—at about the time 
     of the Jacobin Revolution in France—and its 
     intensification in England and its extension throughout 
     the world have paralleled the rise and spread of popular 
     devotion to doctrines of nationalism. The doctrines 
     themselves were originally crystallized in an agricultural 
     society, before the advent of the new industrial 
     machinery, but their acceptance has accompanied, and 
     their complete triumph has followed, the introduction of 
     the new machinery and the transition from an agricultural 
     to an industrial society. It seems to have been a perfectly 
     natural development. (pp. 232­3)

     Since industrialism even the arts, philosophy, and religion 
have been patterned by nationalism. Hayes writes (p. 289):